The cover marked with code number K 32358 is designed specifically for housing K 32301 in the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. Its primary function is to protect internal mechanical assemblies from external contaminants such as dust, debris, and moisture. Additionally, it aids in maintaining the internal pressure and temperature balance required for optimal mechanical performance. Engineered for a secure fit and durability, the cover also provides easy access for maintenance operations, making it a practical and protective component within the overall engine architecture.

The bearing insert, designated with code number K 32329, is an integral part of the vertical worm gear system in the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine series. This component provides a low-friction interface that supports and guides the worm shaft during rotation, ensuring smooth motion and reducing mechanical wear. Made of highly durable and wear-resistant material, the insert absorbs and distributes loads evenly, enhancing the gear’s longevity and performance. Proper lubrication and alignment of this bearing insert are essential for the reliable and quiet operation of the entire vertical transmission system.

The worm, coded K 32323, is an integral part of the horizontal worm gear assembly in the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. It translates rotational motion into linear or controlled rotational output, enabling precision adjustments within the engine’s gear mechanism. Its helical design ensures efficient meshing with the gear teeth, reducing slippage and enhancing torque transfer. Engineered for durability and smooth operation, the worm supports critical control functions and is key to the synchronization of mechanical systems, especially where compact and efficient power transmission is required.

The worm gear with code number K 32322 is a key part of the barring engine mechanism in the Sulzer ZV40/48 system. The barring engine is used for manually rotating the crankshaft during maintenance or positioning operations. This worm gear provides the necessary mechanical advantage to ensure smooth and controlled movement of the crankshaft at low speeds. Crafted for durability and accurate meshing, it ensures safe handling of the engine during inspection or repair phases, significantly reducing risk and wear.

The sealing component identified by code number K 11825 is designed specifically for the blind flange K 11816 in the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine, produced under Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda licensing. Its function is to ensure an airtight and pressure-resistant seal that prevents leaks of gases or fluids at flange terminations. Constructed from heat- and pressure-resistant materials, this seal is essential for maintaining engine safety and operational efficiency, especially in high-stress marine or industrial environments. Timely replacement during routine maintenance ensures continued integrity and protection of surrounding engine components.

The side cover for the engine frame, labeled K 16101, plays a vital role in enclosing and protecting internal components of the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. This robust cover shields sensitive parts from dirt, debris, and external impacts, while also supporting the structural integrity of the engine housing. Precision-engineered to fit seamlessly within the engine frame, it also aids in sound dampening and thermal insulation. Its maintenance and proper installation are essential for operational safety and engine longevity, especially in challenging industrial and marine environments.

The spacer sleeve with code number H 27111 serves a structural and alignment function in the ASL25 engine assembly. Positioned between specific components, it maintains accurate spacing and ensures mechanical stability under vibration and load. Crafted to exact specifications, the spacer sleeve helps prevent misalignment that could lead to wear or operational inefficiency. Though small in appearance, its role is crucial in preserving the precision and integrity of the engine’s internal systems.

The sleeve identified by code number H 21415 plays a vital role in the cooling system of the Sulzer ASL25 diesel engine. Specifically designed to direct and contain cooling water flow, this component ensures efficient heat dissipation from engine parts that operate under high thermal stress. Made from corrosion-resistant materials, the sleeve supports long-term durability and reliable operation in demanding marine and industrial environments. A properly maintained sleeve contributes to engine efficiency and prevents overheating, making it essential for sustaining overall system health.

The sealing ring with code number H 27219 is a key component designed to prevent leakage of fluids or gases in the ASL25 engine’s assemblies. It is typically used at joints or interfaces where pressure and temperature fluctuations are frequent, requiring resilient and durable sealing performance. Made from high-quality materials resistant to wear, oil, and thermal degradation, the sealing ring ensures operational integrity and system efficiency. Regular inspection and timely replacement help maintain reliable engine operation and avoid contamination or fluid loss.

The end plate on the damper side, marked by code number K 16225, is an essential structural element within the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. It provides a firm mounting surface for the damper assembly and helps maintain the alignment and balance of the rotating components. Designed to endure mechanical stress and thermal expansion, this end plate ensures stability in the engine’s vibration control system. Regular inspection and secure fastening of the end plate are key to minimizing vibration-related wear and achieving long-term operational stability.

The bottom part of the oil cup, identified by code number K 12032, is a fundamental component in the lubrication system of the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. It serves as the reservoir and collection base for lubricating oil, ensuring a consistent supply to moving engine parts. Engineered for durability and resistance to high temperatures and vibration, this part helps maintain oil circulation efficiency and protects critical components from friction and wear. Proper maintenance of the oil cup bottom is essential for smooth engine operation and extended service life.

The fine regulating valve, marked with code K 92165, is an essential part of the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine, designed for precise control of fuel flow. Equipped with connecting fittings, this valve ensures accurate fuel dosing, optimizing combustion and enhancing engine efficiency. Built to withstand high pressures and temperature fluctuations, it offers dependable performance in demanding marine and industrial environments, contributing significantly to smooth and efficient engine function.

The lower spring plate, designated as H 27080, serves as the foundational support for valve springs in the Sulzer ASL25 diesel engine. It ensures the spring is correctly seated and evenly distributes load during compression and release cycles. Constructed from durable, wear-resistant materials, this plate helps maintain the precise function of the valve mechanism over long operational periods. Its role, though simple in appearance, is critical for the accurate timing and efficiency of the engine’s valvetrain system.

The clamping connection identified by code number H 27095 is a crucial fastening component within the Sulzer ASL25 diesel engine. Its primary function is to securely join different mechanical parts under high pressure and thermal load, ensuring structural stability and leak-proof operation. Designed to withstand vibrations and mechanical stress, the clamping connection is integral to the integrity of engine assemblies, especially in demanding marine and industrial environments. Regular inspection and proper torque application are essential for maintaining its reliability and performance.

The mounting fixture identified by code number K 92161 provides the necessary support and alignment for fine regulating valves K 92165 and K 92166 in the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. This mounting system ensures that the valves remain securely in place while allowing precise adjustments necessary for optimal fuel or fluid control. Designed to endure constant vibration and thermal expansion, the mounting ensures long-term operational stability. Its role is vital in systems where fine-tuned regulation is essential for performance and efficiency, and any misalignment or instability could compromise the engine's operational accuracy.

The plate marked with code number K 16213 is a structural and protective component designed for the control room casing of the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. This part plays an essential role in enclosing and shielding sensitive control equipment from external contaminants, mechanical damage, and environmental stress. Crafted from durable materials and precision-engineered to fit seamlessly within the control room assembly, the plate contributes to the overall stability and integrity of the engine’s monitoring and regulation systems. Its presence ensures that electronic and control components remain secure, enabling consistent performance under demanding operational conditions.

The tubular sealing with code number K 16226 is specifically designed to work with the side casing K 16221 on the Sulzer ZV40/48 engine. Its primary function is to provide a reliable and flexible seal that prevents the leakage of oil, gases, or other fluids at the interface between the casing and surrounding components. This sealing element is crucial for maintaining pressure balance and system integrity under high operating temperatures and vibrations. With durable, heat-resistant materials, the tubular seal ensures optimal engine performance and helps extend the life of adjacent parts.

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: May 23, 2025

As global demand for electric vehicles and renewable energy reaches historic highs, China is once again taking the lead — this time with sodium-based batteries. While most of the world still relies on lithium-ion technology, Chinese manufacturers are introducing batteries that use cheaper and far more abundant sodium — an element that can be derived from ordinary sea salt.

Mopeds as Drivers of Change

At the center of this technological shift are electric scooters, popularly known as "little electric donkeys," a vital means of transportation in many Asian cities. Yadea, China's largest two-wheeler manufacturer, has already launched three sodium-powered scooter models and is developing fast-charging and battery-swap infrastructure. The goal? Affordable and safe electric mobility for millions of daily users.

Why Sodium?

Sodium-ion batteries aren’t new — they’ve been in parallel development with lithium-ion for decades. However, recent lithium shortages and price spikes (with lithium sources concentrated in only a few countries) have reignited interest in sodium. The advantages are clear: sodium is about 400 times more abundant than lithium, more stable at high temperatures, and less prone to catching fire.

Shorter Range, Greater Safety

The main drawback of sodium-ion batteries is their lower energy density. While lithium-ion batteries are ideal for long-range cars, sodium is better suited for two-wheelers and stationary systems. That’s why an increasing number of Chinese cities — such as Shenzhen — are becoming “battery-swap cities,” aiming for large-scale implementation of sodium technology in everyday transportation.

Energy Storage – The Real Battleground

The greatest potential for sodium-ion batteries may lie beyond mobility — in energy storage systems. Chinese power grid operators already use sodium batteries to balance the grid and integrate renewables. The first large-scale energy storage station in southern China now uses sodium cells — powering up to 1,500 households.

Europe and Croatia: Where Do We Stand?

While China invests massively in R&D and production infrastructure, Europe is still seeking a clear strategy. Croatia — with its existing industrial base and engineering expertise — could claim a role in the supply chain, especially by developing container-based solutions for stationary storage.

Conclusion: Time to Diversify

Lithium will remain dominant for some time, but sodium is opening the door to a new era of energy security and sustainability. Two-wheelers may just be the beginning — but the real battle for energy independence and technological leadership is already underway in labs, factories, and strategic plans.

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The side casing, marked with code number K 16221-AD, serves as a protective and structural enclosure on the side of the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. This robust component helps shield vital engine systems from external contaminants such as dust, moisture, and mechanical impact. It also adds to the engine’s structural stability, especially in marine and industrial applications where exposure to harsh conditions is common. Engineered for endurance, the side casing is a critical part of maintaining engine cleanliness, safety, and operational consistency.

The handle identified by code number K 27008 is designed specifically for the cover K 27007 in the Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. While simple in appearance, it plays a vital role in facilitating easy access to engine components for inspection, maintenance, or repairs. Built from strong, corrosion-resistant materials, the handle ensures safe and reliable operation in demanding environments. Its ergonomic design allows for firm grip and ease of use, supporting the overall maintenance efficiency of the engine system.