The spiral seal bearing code H 81153 is engineered to offer advanced sealing performance in rotating or reciprocating engine parts of the ASL25 diesel engine. Its spiral geometry increases surface contact and resilience against pressure fluctuations and mechanical wear. This seal is especially suited for high-speed or high-temperature environments where traditional seals might degrade quickly. By maintaining fluid integrity and reducing the risk of leakage, the spiral seal contributes to longer engine lifespan and minimized maintenance needs.

How much did the Iberian blackout really cost – and what could have been done with that money

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: April 30, 2025

€1.6 billion in damages – in Spain alone
According to preliminary estimates from the Spanish employers’ association CEOE, the damage caused by the recent massive power outage in Spain is at least €1.6 billion.
This includes:

• disruptions to industrial production,
• logistics delays,
• collapse of communication and transport systems,
• damage to hospitals and data centers.
  And this is only a preliminary estimate. Portugal has not yet published its numbers, and France and Andorra were also partially affected.

What could have been done with that money?
The question arises naturally:
Could the damage have been prevented by smart investment in grid resilience – specifically, in battery systems?
The answer is: yes, many times over.

How much does a serious battery system for grid stabilization cost?
Adriadiesel is developing containerized battery power plants based on second-life EV batteries.
With €1.6 billion, it would be possible to build:

• more than 10 national battery systems,
• with excess capacity for selling reactive power,
• black start functionality,
• and revenues from grid services.

Not just a cost — but an investment
Battery systems are not passive costs. They:

• participate in the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market,
• offer balancing and peak shaving services,
• sell power when expensive, charge when cheap,
• help operators and industries save money.
  Estimated return on investment: 4–6 years with smart management.

Time for a new approach to grid security
Instead of recording billions in damages every few years, the question should be reversed:
Why not invest €100 million in advance – to avoid €1.6 billion in losses later?
Decentralized battery systems:

• protect critical nodes,
• enable faster recovery,
• create new green capacity from existing batteries.

Conclusion
The April 2025 blackout cost as much as a complete national battery defense — yet nothing was built.
It’s time Europe — especially the Iberian Peninsula — stopped relying on luck and started investing in technically proven, economically viable, and readily available solutions.

Adriadiesel already offers ready-to-deploy modules today.
For partnerships, technical details, and demo systems — contact us at: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: April 29, 2025

Summary of a Possible Technical Cause of the Grid Collapse
According to Croatian physicist Dr. Ivica Aviani, the possible cause of the power grid collapse on the Iberian Peninsula was not an atmospheric phenomenon, but a loss of synchronization among generators within the grid. The electrical system depends on perfect alignment of frequency and phase of all generators—if even a slight difference occurs, the grid attempts to "correct" it, potentially leading to exponential amplification of oscillations.​

Dr. Aviani compares this behavior to microphone feedback: when a microphone picks up noise from a speaker and sends it back to the amplifier, it creates a loop that increasingly amplifies the noise—until the system collapses. In the grid, a similar effect can arise from a small phase or voltage impulse difference, leading on a large scale to a cascading reaction and the breakdown of the common grid "shaft."​

Darkness in the Iberian Peninsula: What the Grid Collapse Taught Us
The recent energy collapse that hit Spain and Portugal exposed serious weaknesses in Europe's power grid. The synchronized operation of generators, which forms the basis of a stable grid, was disrupted—likely due to a technical disturbance that triggered a cascading positive feedback reaction.

The question arises: How can Europe protect itself from such disturbances in the future?​

Regardless of the Possible Source of Failure, One Possible Answer Lies in Containers with Used Batteries
Adriadiesel is developing a modular battery power plant in a container format, using "second-life" batteries from electric vehicles. These systems are not only environmentally sustainable—they are also a key tool for grid stabilization.​

How Does It Work?

1. Millisecond Response
   Unlike conventional generators, battery systems react in real time, making them ideal for primary frequency regulation in the grid. When frequency starts to oscillate, the system immediately delivers or absorbs energy to prevent synchronization breakdown.
2. The Role of Advanced Inverters in Stabilizing the Grid with Solar and Other Renewable Sources
   Advanced inverters simulate the operation of a classic synchronous generator—providing the grid with "artificial inertia" necessary for stability and reactive power (voltage regulation).

Advanced inverters can operate in so-called grid-forming mode (where the inverter defines voltage and frequency instead of just following them), actively stabilizing the grid and enabling operation even in the event of a main source outage, provided there is sufficient capacity and proper coordination with other sources.

An excessive share of renewable systems without advanced inverters capable of generating artificial inertia and reactive power leads to:

• voltage instability,
• transformer overload/difficult operation,
• and even possible system instability/outages in the grid at critical moments.​It is highly likely that any power system simultaneously operates with a set of various inverter technologies, making it necessary to balance power grids with a system like the battery storage power plants we recommend here.

Furthermore, due to the constant development of new technologies, it is highly likely that any power system in the future will continue to use a set of various inverter technologies simultaneously. Most likely, the problem of inverter technology diversity will not disappear; it will only get worse.

3. Restoration After Failure (Black Start)
   Regardless of the possible source of failure, in the event of a total outage, a battery power plant can act as a black-start unit, depending on the designed power, system topology, and technical configuration of the transmission network, as well as the power, location, and recovery strategy—to restart parts of the grid without the need for an external power source. Pilot applications of such systems already exist.

What Does Adriadiesel Offer?

• Container units of 1.5 MWh, equipped with air conditioning, protection, and smart control systems.
• Scalability up to 600 containers (or more, depending on need) to support the grid at the regional or national level.
• Integration with renewable sources (solar, wind).
• Utilization of batteries from electric vehicles reduces waste and production costs.​

Practical Application
In a case like the one that occurred in the Iberian Peninsula, 50 to 100 Adriadiesel containers deployed around key hubs (Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon) could:​

• prevent grid collapse,
• enable a "soft" transition between production and consumption,
• provide time for operators to redirect loads and avoid cascading failures.​

Sustainability and Economy
These systems:​

• extend battery life by another 5–10 years,
• use Adriadiesel's infrastructure for production and logistics,
• create new green technologies that can be exported throughout Europe.​

Important Regardless of the Actual Cause of the Outage
What happened now in Spain and Portugal can happen to any power system.

Regardless of the actual cause of the power grid outage/instability, sufficiently large battery energy storage systems can react quickly and powerfully enough to stabilize the power grid in real time and later quickly restore the grid for uninterrupted operation.​

Because ready technical solutions exist, we urge power grid operators to urgently plan and implement the necessary backup safety systems like battery energy storage without delay.​

The Future Lies in Decentralized Stability
As Europe transitions to renewable sources, it loses the natural stability offered by fossil fuel power plants. Containerized battery systems, like those developed by Adriadiesel, are key to energy security and resilience.​

It's time for car batteries to get a second life—in the service of the stability of entire nations.​

Contact and Partnerships
Adriadiesel invites collaboration with:​

• electric utilities,
• cities and regions needing energy resilience,
• EV battery manufacturers.​

For more information, contact: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.​

Other Titles of This Blog:

• Container Battery Power Plant: Adriadiesel's Solution for the Future of a Stable Grid
• Container Battery Power Plants: Second Life of Batteries for the First Line of Defense of the Power Grid
• Car Batteries, Shield for the Grid: Adriadiesel's Technical Solution for the 21st Century
• The Grid of the Future Begins in a Container: Adriadiesel and Stabilization of Frequency, Voltage, Artificial Inertia, and Reactive Power

Renowned Croatian Physicist: 'I Don't Believe Temperature Caused the Collapse; I Suspect What Actually Happened'​

Source: Jutarnji List Article

The component referred to as “Blunt,” with code number H 74127, serves a specialized role within the ASL25 diesel engine. Though modest in size and appearance, this element may function as a physical stop, alignment tool, or load distribution element, depending on its specific application within the engine assembly. Engineered for strength and resilience, the blunt component ensures stability and positional accuracy of other parts, especially under high vibration or load. Its importance is often recognized in preventing misalignment or damage in high-performance engine operations.

Balancing the electrical grid in unexpected situations

A power plant using containers with second-life EV batteries could have helped avoid today's power outages in Spain and Portugal by:

1. Frequency and Voltage Stabilization
   • Batteries can instantly (within milliseconds) deliver or absorb electricity.
   • When grid oscillations occur (as they did today), battery systems can quickly smooth out fluctuations, prevent grid failure, and give operators time to rebalance the system.
2. Black Start Support
   • If the entire grid collapses, a power source is needed that can start conventional plants (thermal, hydro) from scratch.
   • Battery power plants can act as black start solutions by immediately supplying electricity needed to start large generators.
3. Microgrids for Critical Infrastructure
   • In a full grid collapse, battery containers can maintain local operation of hospitals, communication hubs, traffic control, etc., until the broader grid is restored.
4. Rapid Deployment and Flexibility
   • Containerized battery systems can be quickly relocated and installed wherever emergency support is needed.

How many containers would be required?

• A typical container using second-life batteries (e.g., from Tesla Model S/X) can have 1–2 MWh capacity.
• Large battery power plants have capacities of 100–250 MW and 200–500 MWh.

To stabilize a national grid during a major disturbance, you'd need:

• 200–400 MW instantaneous power,
• and at least 400–800 MWh capacity to sustain delivery for 1–2 hours.

Calculation:

• One container = ~1.5 MWh (average)
• For 600 MWh → approximately 400 containers

Conclusion:

• Serious national support (e.g., Spain or Portugal) needs around 300–500 containers.
• Local stabilization (e.g., Madrid or an industrial zone) could use 50–100 containers.

Note:

• Second-life EV batteries retain around 70–80% of original capacity.
• Their performance and lifespan are reduced, so oversizing is required for long-term reliability.

The sealing ring, identified by code number H 27223, is a vital part of the sealing systems in the ASL25 diesel engine. Its main function is to prevent fluid or gas leakage between engine components, thus preserving internal pressure and protecting critical areas from contamination. Manufactured from durable, heat-resistant materials, the sealing ring ensures tight, lasting seals even under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Proper installation and inspection of this component are key to maintaining optimal engine performance and preventing costly breakdowns.

The complete operating piston, marked with code number K 34000, is a major actuator component in the control system of the ZV40/48 diesel engine. Assembled with precision and designed for high-pressure performance, this piston converts fluid energy into mechanical motion, facilitating the operation of various engine control functions. Built from high-strength, wear-resistant materials, it withstands the rigorous conditions of continuous operation, including pressure surges and thermal expansion. Its dependable action ensures accurate responses within the engine’s control loop, directly impacting performance, efficiency, and operational safety.

The reamed bolt with code number K 32390 is a precision-engineered fastener used in the pinion shaft assembly of the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. Unlike standard bolts, reamed bolts are manufactured with exact diameter tolerances to fit tightly into mating holes, eliminating play and ensuring perfect alignment under dynamic load conditions. This bolt plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the gear system, preventing shifting or loosening of components during prolonged engine operation. Its strength and precision are vital to the reliability and performance of the power transmission mechanism.

Identified by code number K 32333, this bush serves as a supportive interface for the bearing insert K 32332 in the ZV40/48 diesel engine. It provides a crucial buffer that absorbs stress and minimizes friction between moving parts, allowing the bearing insert to function effectively. Engineered for tight tolerances and long service life, the bush plays a key role in maintaining the alignment and rotational integrity of internal components. By reducing wear and vibration, it enhances the reliability and durability of the engine's mechanical systems.

The spring plate, with code number H 27215, plays a crucial role in the valve mechanism of the ASL25 engine by providing a stable and balanced surface to support the valve spring. Designed to maintain the spring’s position under high pressure and vibration, the plate ensures consistent tension and contributes to the overall timing and responsiveness of the valve system. Its sturdy construction and precision fitting help prevent misalignment or fatigue, making it an essential component for reliable engine performance and durability during continuous heavy-duty operation.

The insert bushing, marked with code number H 27152, is a precision-machined component used in the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ASL25 diesel engine to ensure proper alignment and smooth movement between rotating or sliding parts. Typically used to reduce wear and friction within mechanical joints, the insert bushing acts as a sacrificial surface that protects more critical components from damage. Manufactured from durable, wear-resistant materials, this bushing enhances engine longevity, improves mechanical efficiency, and simplifies maintenance by allowing for easy replacement when worn.

The turntable, marked by code number H 27154, is a rotating structural component within the ASL25 engine, designed to enable the controlled movement and positioning of connected parts. It serves as a foundational element in systems where rotational adjustment or distribution of load is required, often under significant mechanical stress. The turntable’s robust design ensures stability, precision, and resilience in demanding operating conditions. Its functionality is key to maintaining the synchronization and performance of various engine subsystems, especially in marine and industrial applications.

The main rocker shaft, with code number H 27032, is a core mechanical axis in the valve train of the ASL25 engine. It supports and guides the movement of rocker arms, translating camshaft motion into precise opening and closing of engine valves. Built for strength and stability, the shaft must endure continuous stress from reciprocating forces while maintaining perfect alignment for optimal valve timing. Proper lubrication and machining precision are essential for its longevity. As a backbone of the valve mechanism, the main rocker shaft significantly influences engine breathing efficiency and overall performance.

The compression spring with code number H 16173 is a vital energy-storing component within the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ASL25 diesel engine. Designed to absorb and release mechanical force, this spring is used in various assemblies, particularly where controlled motion or force regulation is essential. Its coiled structure resists compressive loads, helping maintain pressure or tension between components in valve gear or control systems. Engineered from high-strength steel, it ensures durability and consistent performance under cyclic stress, playing a key role in preserving the precision and reliability of the engine’s moving parts.

The pipe seal marked with code number H16331 is an essential element of the ASL25’s fluid management system. Designed to ensure a tight and leak-free connection between engine piping and key components, this seal is exposed to fluctuating temperatures and vibrations. Its robust design and material composition make it highly resistant to wear and deformation, which is vital for long-term reliability. A properly functioning pipe seal not only supports efficient fluid transfer but also helps maintain environmental and operational safety in both stationary and marine engine applications.

The special bolt, marked with code number K 28035, is engineered for mounting the main rocker arm K 28005 within the complex mechanism of the ZV40/48 diesel engine. This bolt must withstand extreme loads and maintain the precise geometry of the engine’s moving parts. Its design allows for precise fitting and maximum resistance to bending and shear forces, which is crucial for the smooth operation of the valve system. The reliability of this bolt directly affects engine performance, making proper installation and periodic inspection critically important.

The spring cage, identified by code number K 28042, is an integral part of the valve train assembly in the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. Designed for use with spring K 28041, this component serves as a protective and stabilizing structure that ensures proper guidance and function of the spring under high loads. Made from durable materials, the spring cage withstands strong mechanical forces and ensures reliable system operation in demanding working conditions. Proper installation and regular maintenance of this component are essential for the longevity and precision of the mechanical assembly.

The pin with code number K 31039 is a precision-machined component used in the crankshaft assembly of the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. It ensures accurate alignment and secure positioning of critical rotating parts, supporting both mechanical balance and structural integrity. Designed to withstand heavy loads and repeated stress cycles, this pin contributes significantly to the engine’s reliable performance. Despite its modest size, it plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall geometry and durability of the crankshaft system under demanding conditions.

The spring plate, with code number K 31027, is an important structural element used alongside the fitted bolt K 31024 and component K 31520 in the crankshaft assembly of the Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer ZV40/48 diesel engine. This plate serves to evenly distribute clamping forces and absorb operational stresses that occur during engine function. By helping to maintain tension and alignment across high-load connections, the spring plate reduces wear and vibration, thereby enhancing the longevity and stability of the engine’s rotating system. It’s a small but vital part in ensuring reliable performance under continuous heavy-duty operation.