G-volution and SBL-Rail present dual fuel evolution concepts for Class 37, Class 59 and Class 66 locomotives. Dual fuel engines use compression ignition and burn two fuels simultaneously. This work shows how diesel fuel can be replaced by renewable net-zero carbon emissions fuels. The original diesel tanks were replaced with smaller ones and cylinders for biomethane or biopropane or hydrogen were installed. Compared to the original two-stroke EMD engine, the new four-stroke dual-fuel engine has a 10% reduction in fuel consumption. If a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is installed, the engine will spend less time responding to the increase in back pressure when the DPF fills. Route simulations were completed using OTMRs provided by these locomotive operators in combination with dual fuel engines.
The Wärtsilä 46TS-DF engine is the company's latest multi-fuel engine that can run on LNG, reducing air pollution, while also providing a viable basis for future decarbonization through biological or synthetic methane. According to the technology company, the engine was developed with a focus on economy, environmental performance and fuel flexibility, ushering in a new era of medium-speed marine engines. In April 2021, the Chantiers de l'Atlantique shipyard received the first order of this engine type from Royal Caribbean Cruises. The engines will be installed on the company's newest Oasis-class ship, Ocean Utopia. The vessel is currently under construction and will feature six Wärtsilä 46TS-DF engines with gas valve units and NOx reducers.
MAN 28/32S is designed for stationary power plants. It is a reliable and robust engine model which can operate on a variety of liquid fuels. 28/32 complies with all emission limits with the potential for further exhaust gas treatment and can provide up to 4,230 kWm power.
Using clean-burning fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) are becoming more of an attractive option as they satisfy all emission requirements. Moreover, fluctuations in the fuel market make the plant owners reconsider their options when it comes to choosing the right fuel. Dual-fuel engines MAN 32/40DF, MAN 48/60DF, MAN L28/32DF, MAN L23/30DF, MAN L35/44DF, MAN 51/60DF, can simply switch between gas and liquid fuels which offer a great advantage when it comes to flattening the fuel expenditure curve and reducing emissions. The plant owners can additionally benefit from low operational and maintenance costs of these engines thanks to burning cleaner fuels which results in cleaner engine components.
MAERSK's first feeder container ship running on green methanol will be launched next year, followed by 12 16.000 TEU ships in 2024 and 2025. There is a lot of discussion about the chicken-and-egg problem. We decided to solve this problem by ordering our first boat and another twelve new boats. This will boost development on the production side, said Berit Hinneman, head of business development for decarbonization at MAERSK. Kaj Portin, general manager of sustainable fuels and decarbonization at Wärtsilä Finland, presented their work on methanol. Two tankers have been transporting methanol with good results. The HyMethShip and FASTWATER projects aim to demonstrate the feasibility of retrofit and new build ships to operate on hydropower. Edman Tsang of the University of Oxford presented work in progress in methanol synthesis. This would allow the use of longer-range tank batteries, but at the same time have many benefits in fuel handling and distribution.
Isobutanol was injected with the intake port at premixed energy ratios (PER) of 10%, 20% and 30%. Diesel, B20 and B100 are direct injection fuel. DFC reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions at moderate loads compared to CCM. Compared with CCM, the flue gas emissions of diesel DFC under rated load are reduced by 10.15%, 22.12% and 7.40%, respectively. At 30% PER, the exergy efficiency of the D FC for B20 increases by 0.91, 5.23, 3.65, 1.22, and 6.14% from 20% to 100% load, respectively.