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Wednesday, 30 April 2025 09:51

O-ring (Code Number H 82514)

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The O-ring with code number H 82514 is a fundamental sealing component in the ASL25 diesel engine from Adriadiesel/Jugoturbina/Zgoda/Sulzer. Designed to ensure leak-proof connections between engine components, this ring-shaped rubber element is crucial in preventing the escape of fluids or gases under pressure. Its elastic structure allows it to adapt tightly between metal surfaces, maintaining a secure seal even under thermal expansion or vibration. The O-ring is vital for engine efficiency and safety, especially in high-pressure fuel, oil, or air systems.

How much did the Iberian blackout really cost – and what could have been done with that money

Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: April 30, 2025

€1.6 billion in damages – in Spain alone
According to preliminary estimates from the Spanish employers’ association CEOE, the damage caused by the recent massive power outage in Spain is at least €1.6 billion.
This includes:

  • disruptions to industrial production,
  • logistics delays,
  • collapse of communication and transport systems,
  • damage to hospitals and data centers.
    And this is only a preliminary estimate. Portugal has not yet published its numbers, and France and Andorra were also partially affected.

What could have been done with that money?
The question arises naturally:
Could the damage have been prevented by smart investment in grid resilience – specifically, in battery systems?
The answer is: yes, many times over.

How much does a serious battery system for grid stabilization cost?
Adriadiesel is developing containerized battery power plants based on second-life EV batteries.
With €1.6 billion, it would be possible to build:

  • more than 10 national battery systems,
  • with excess capacity for selling reactive power,
  • black start functionality,
  • and revenues from grid services.

Not just a cost — but an investment
Battery systems are not passive costs. They:

  • participate in the frequency containment reserve (FCR) market,
  • offer balancing and peak shaving services,
  • sell power when expensive, charge when cheap,
  • help operators and industries save money.
    Estimated return on investment: 4–6 years with smart management.

Time for a new approach to grid security
Instead of recording billions in damages every few years, the question should be reversed:
Why not invest €100 million in advance – to avoid €1.6 billion in losses later?
Decentralized battery systems:

  • protect critical nodes,
  • enable faster recovery,
  • create new green capacity from existing batteries.

Conclusion
The April 2025 blackout cost as much as a complete national battery defense — yet nothing was built.
It’s time Europe — especially the Iberian Peninsula — stopped relying on luck and started investing in technically proven, economically viable, and readily available solutions.

Adriadiesel already offers ready-to-deploy modules today.
For partnerships, technical details, and demo systems — contact us at: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Confirmed: Two separate incidents occurring seconds apart

  • Red Eléctrica confirms that two unlikely yet causally linked incidents occurred, one of which shut down the system while the other caused a cascading supply failure.
  • Frequency loss and power outages affected multiple countries.

Suspected disruption in solar energy production in southwestern Spain

  • Eduardo Prieto (Red Eléctrica): The epicenter of the issue was in the southwestern region of Spain.
  • “Very likely” caused by a sudden change in output from solar power plants, particularly due to instability in solar irradiance (cloud cover, sudden winds).

Grid-forming inverters not present (or inactive)

  • Implied: Inverters that should stabilize the grid (reactive power, inertia) were unable to assume that function.

Power outages extended to Portugal, France, Andorra

  • Prime Minister Sánchez and Red Eléctrica confirmed: more than 57 million people were affected.
  • France and Morocco assisted in power restoration (highlighting the importance of interconnected transmission systems).

Prof. Branko Grisogono:

  • Explained that sudden atmospheric fluctuations (wind, temperature) may cause mechanical vibrations in transmission lines, which in extreme cases can affect grid stability.
  • Rare atmospheric phenomena can cause “transmission oscillations” – consistent with the “oscillation” reported by Red Eléctrica.

Key role of battery energy storage systems
In the context of the above, Adriadiesel’s battery container systems can:

  • absorb energy surpluses during oscillations (preventing overvoltage),
  • react rapidly (within milliseconds) to power loss,
  • provide reactive power to maintain voltage,
  • offer black-start capability for isolated regions.


Author: Dr. Nenad Končar, M.Sc.Eng.
Date: April 29, 2025

Summary of a Possible Technical Cause of the Grid Collapse
According to Croatian physicist Dr. Ivica Aviani, the possible cause of the power grid collapse on the Iberian Peninsula was not an atmospheric phenomenon, but a loss of synchronization among generators within the grid. The electrical system depends on perfect alignment of frequency and phase of all generators—if even a slight difference occurs, the grid attempts to "correct" it, potentially leading to exponential amplification of oscillations.

Dr. Aviani compares this behavior to microphone feedback: when a microphone picks up noise from a speaker and sends it back to the amplifier, it creates a loop that increasingly amplifies the noise—until the system collapses. In the grid, a similar effect can arise from a small phase or voltage impulse difference, leading on a large scale to a cascading reaction and the breakdown of the common grid "shaft."

Darkness in the Iberian Peninsula: What the Grid Collapse Taught Us
The recent energy collapse that hit Spain and Portugal exposed serious weaknesses in Europe's power grid. The synchronized operation of generators, which forms the basis of a stable grid, was disrupted—likely due to a technical disturbance that triggered a cascading positive feedback reaction.

The question arises: How can Europe protect itself from such disturbances in the future?

Regardless of the Possible Source of Failure, One Possible Answer Lies in Containers with Used Batteries
Adriadiesel is developing a modular battery power plant in a container format, using "second-life" batteries from electric vehicles. These systems are not only environmentally sustainable—they are also a key tool for grid stabilization.

How Does It Work?

  1. Millisecond Response
    Unlike conventional generators, battery systems react in real time, making them ideal for primary frequency regulation in the grid. When frequency starts to oscillate, the system immediately delivers or absorbs energy to prevent synchronization breakdown.
  2. The Role of Advanced Inverters in Stabilizing the Grid with Solar and Other Renewable Sources
    Advanced inverters simulate the operation of a classic synchronous generator—providing the grid with "artificial inertia" necessary for stability and reactive power (voltage regulation).

Advanced inverters can operate in so-called grid-forming mode (where the inverter defines voltage and frequency instead of just following them), actively stabilizing the grid and enabling operation even in the event of a main source outage, provided there is sufficient capacity and proper coordination with other sources.

An excessive share of renewable systems without advanced inverters capable of generating artificial inertia and reactive power leads to:

    • voltage instability,
    • transformer overload/difficult operation,
    • and even possible system instability/outages in the grid at critical moments.It is highly likely that any power system simultaneously operates with a set of various inverter technologies, making it necessary to balance power grids with a system like the battery storage power plants we recommend here.

Furthermore, due to the constant development of new technologies, it is highly likely that any power system in the future will continue to use a set of various inverter technologies simultaneously. Most likely, the problem of inverter technology diversity will not disappear; it will only get worse.

  1. Restoration After Failure (Black Start)
    Regardless of the possible source of failure, in the event of a total outage, a battery power plant can act as a black-start unit, depending on the designed power, system topology, and technical configuration of the transmission network, as well as the power, location, and recovery strategy—to restart parts of the grid without the need for an external power source. Pilot applications of such systems already exist.

What Does Adriadiesel Offer?

  • Container units of 1.5 MWh, equipped with air conditioning, protection, and smart control systems.
  • Scalability up to 600 containers (or more, depending on need) to support the grid at the regional or national level.
  • Integration with renewable sources (solar, wind).
  • Utilization of batteries from electric vehicles reduces waste and production costs.

Practical Application
In a case like the one that occurred in the Iberian Peninsula, 50 to 100 Adriadiesel containers deployed around key hubs (Madrid, Barcelona, Lisbon) could:

  • prevent grid collapse,
  • enable a "soft" transition between production and consumption,
  • provide time for operators to redirect loads and avoid cascading failures.

Sustainability and Economy
These systems:

  • extend battery life by another 5–10 years,
  • use Adriadiesel's infrastructure for production and logistics,
  • create new green technologies that can be exported throughout Europe.

Important Regardless of the Actual Cause of the Outage
What happened now in Spain and Portugal can happen to any power system.

Regardless of the actual cause of the power grid outage/instability, sufficiently large battery energy storage systems can react quickly and powerfully enough to stabilize the power grid in real time and later quickly restore the grid for uninterrupted operation.

Because ready technical solutions exist, we urge power grid operators to urgently plan and implement the necessary backup safety systems like battery energy storage without delay.

The Future Lies in Decentralized Stability
As Europe transitions to renewable sources, it loses the natural stability offered by fossil fuel power plants. Containerized battery systems, like those developed by Adriadiesel, are key to energy security and resilience.

It's time for car batteries to get a second life—in the service of the stability of entire nations.

Contact and Partnerships
Adriadiesel invites collaboration with:

  • electric utilities,
  • cities and regions needing energy resilience,
  • EV battery manufacturers.

For more information, contact: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Other Titles of This Blog:

  • Container Battery Power Plant: Adriadiesel's Solution for the Future of a Stable Grid
  • Container Battery Power Plants: Second Life of Batteries for the First Line of Defense of the Power Grid
  • Car Batteries, Shield for the Grid: Adriadiesel's Technical Solution for the 21st Century
  • The Grid of the Future Begins in a Container: Adriadiesel and Stabilization of Frequency, Voltage, Artificial Inertia, and Reactive Power

Renowned Croatian Physicist: 'I Don't Believe Temperature Caused the Collapse; I Suspect What Actually Happened'

Source: Jutarnji List Article

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